SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) is used to create a fixed-size, unique digital fingerprint (a hash digest) from a given input, primarily for data integrity, authentication, and digital signatures.
Base64 is not a "hash" but a binary-to-text encoding scheme used to represent binary data in an ASCII string format, primarily for transport and storage over mediums that are designed to handle text. It's used to embed data like images, CSS, or XML within other text-based files and to ensure data integrity during transfer over text-only protocols like early email (SMTP).
CRC32 is used primarily for data integrity checks to detect accidental corruption during transmission or storage, and secondarily for data management tasks like file identification, duplicate detection, and creating hash keys for hash tables.
Other Useful Tools and Resources
Cryptographic hash function — Cryptographic hash functions have many information security applications, notably in digital signatures, message authentication codes (MACs), and other forms of authentication.
Hash function — A hash function is any algorithm that maps data of variable length to data of a fixed length. The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, hash sums, checksums or simply hashes.
hash_algos — Returns a numerically indexed array containing the list of supported hashing algorithms.
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